International Relations

International Relations explainers for UPSC.

Indus Waters Treaty, 1960: The Indus River System, How the Waters Were Divided, India’s Rights, Kishenganga and Ratle Disputes, and the 2025 Abeyance (UPSC Notes + PYQs)

Indus Waters Treaty for UPSC: Indus system, eastern and western rivers, India's rights, Indus Commission, Kishenganga and Ratle, and the 2025 abeyance.

International Relations

India-Pakistan Relations: Partition, Kashmir, Four Wars, Simla Agreement, Indus Waters Treaty, Cross-Border Terrorism and Operation Sindoor (UPSC Notes + PYQs)

India-Pakistan relations for UPSC: Kashmir 1947, wars of 1965, 1971 and Kargil, Simla Agreement, Indus treaty in abeyance, terrorism, Pahalgam, Sindoor.

Sadu Kathmandu Pashupatinath 2006 Luca Galuzzi

International Relations

India-Nepal Relations: Open Border, the 1950 Treaty, River and Power Cooperation, Kalapani Dispute, the China Factor and Recent Political Change (UPSC Notes + PYQs)

India-Nepal relations for UPSC: 1950 treaty, open border, Gorkhas, Kosi, Gandak, Mahakali treaties, hydropower trade, Kalapani-Lipulekh map row and China.

International Relations

India-China Relations: Panchsheel to Galwan, the Boundary Dispute and LAC, Border Agreements, Trade Deficit, Water, Tibet and the 2024 Thaw (UPSC Notes + PYQs)

India-China relations for UPSC: 1962 war, LAC sectors, 1993-2013 border agreements, Doklam and Galwan, 2024 disengagement, trade deficit, Brahmaputra and BRI.

International Relations

India-Bangladesh Relations: 1971, Land Boundary Agreement, Ganga and Teesta Waters, Trade and Connectivity, Border Issues and the Post-2024 Reset (UPSC Notes + PYQs)

India-Bangladesh relations for UPSC: 1971, 2015 Land Boundary Agreement, Ganga treaty and Teesta, trade, connectivity, border, migration and post-2024 strains.

International Relations

World Bank Group: Bretton Woods Origins, the Five Institutions, Governance and Voting, Lending to India, Key Reports and the Reform Debate (UPSC Notes + PYQs)

World Bank for UPSC: Bretton Woods 1944, IBRD, IDA, IFC, MIGA, ICSID, voting shares, India as borrower, reports, poverty line and reform…

International Relations

Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO): Origin, Members, Structure, RATS, India’s Membership and Presidency, and the Limits of the Grouping (UPSC Notes + PYQs)

SCO for UPSC: Shanghai Five, 2001 founding, ten members, RATS in Tashkent, India's 2017 entry and 2023 presidency, terrorism, BRI and Central…

International Relations

ASEAN: Origin, Members, Institutions, ASEAN Centrality, India-ASEAN Relations, Trade Agreement and Act East Policy (UPSC Notes + PYQs)

ASEAN for UPSC: Bangkok Declaration 1967, 11 members, Charter, ARF and East Asia Summit, India-ASEAN partnership, AITIGA, RCEP exit and Act East…

Indian diaspora, remittances and policy explained for UPSC

International Relations

Indian Diaspora: Size and Spread, Remittances, Soft Power, Government Policy and Challenges (UPSC Notes)

Indian diaspora for UPSC: NRIs, PIOs and OCI, largest diaspora in the world, record remittances, Gulf workers, Pravasi Bharatiya Divas, evacuations, challenges.

International Relations

India-Sri Lanka Relations: History, Tamil Question, Fishermen, China Factor, the 2022 Crisis and Recent Agreements (UPSC Notes + PYQs)

India-Sri Lanka relations for UPSC: shared history, 13th Amendment, IPKF, Katchatheevu and fishermen, China and Hambantota, 2022 crisis aid, 2025 defence pact.