Parliament replies digest (11–14 Aug 2025): COP29 finance, e-waste, Sundarbans
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What happened
- India told Parliament the COP29 climate finance goal (USD 300 billion a year by 2035) is “substantially insufficient”; needs are estimated at USD 5.1-6.8 trillion up to 2030 [PIB, Parliament reply].
- E-Waste (Management) Rules, 2022, in force from 1 April 2023, cover 106 items; Battery Waste Management Rules, 2022 set EPR targets [PIB, Parliament reply].
- Mangrove cover in West Bengal rose from 2,097 sq km (ISFR 2013) to 2,119.16 sq km (ISFR 2023) [PIB, Parliament reply].
Background
- The Merchant Shipping Bill, 2025 was passed by Parliament on 11 August and the Lok Sabha passed the Indian Ports Bill, 2025 on 12 August [PIB].
Why it matters
- Use the NCQG figures in any climate-justice answer.
How to use this in Mains
- As per PIB (2025-08-14): india told Parliament the COP29 climate finance goal (USD 300 billion a year by 2035) is "substantially insufficient"; needs are estimated at USD 5.1-6.8 trillion up to 2030.
- Use the NCQG figures in any climate-justice answer.
Quotable data pointE-Waste (Management) Rules, 2022, in force from 1 April 2023, cover 106 items; Battery Waste Management Rules, 2022 set EPR targets.
PIB: MoEFCC: PQ Outcome of COP-29, 14 Aug 2025
Exam angle
UPSC
Prelims: NCQG, e-waste rules.
Practice MCQs
Original practice questions (not PYQs).
Practice · UPSC
COP29 NCQG mobilisation target
Answer (b) & explanation
PIB.
Practice · UPSC
Items covered by E-Waste Rules 2022
Answer (b) & explanation
PIB.
Go deeper
ExplainerParis Agreement (2015): Goals, NDCs, Article 6 Carbon Markets, Global Stocktake, Climate Finance and India’s Commitments (UPSC Notes + PYQs)ExplainerRajya Sabha (Council of States): Composition, Election, Special Powers and the Debate on its Role (UPSC Notes + PYQs)
Official source: PIB: MoEFCC: PQ Outcome of COP-29, 14 Aug 2025
facts from cited sources only; faculty review pending