23rd India–Russia Annual Summit; Programme 2030 agreed
What happened
- President Putin made a State visit for the 23rd India–Russia Annual Summit (4–5 December 2025), which marked 25 years of their Strategic Partnership [PIB].
- The leaders agreed a Programme for strategic areas of economic cooperation up to 2030 [PIB].
Background
- Russia is still India’s largest defence supplier and became a major oil supplier after 2022.
Why it matters
- India is balancing Russian ties against Western sanctions and US pressure.
How to use this in Mains
- As per PIB (2025-12-05): president Putin made a State visit for the 23rd India–Russia Annual Summit (4–5 December 2025), which marked 25 years of their Strategic Partnership.
- India is balancing Russian ties against Western sanctions and US pressure.
Quotable data pointThe leaders agreed a Programme for strategic areas of economic cooperation up to 2030.
PIB: PMO: India–Russia Joint Statement, 5 Dec 2025
Exam angle
UPSC
Mains: India–Russia relations.
Practice MCQs
Original practice questions (not PYQs).
Practice · UPSC
Summit edition
Answer (b) & explanation
PIB.
Practice · UPSC
Strategic Partnership declared in
Answer (b) & explanation
PIB.
Practice · UPSC
Programme horizon
Answer (b) & explanation
PIB.
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Official source: PIB: PMO: India–Russia Joint Statement, 5 Dec 2025
facts from cited sources only; faculty review pending