Tribunals (Judiciary).
Syllabus: UPSC Pre GS1: Indian Polity and Governance; Mains GS2
Tribunals for UPSC: why they exist, Articles 323A and 323B from the 42nd Amendment, CAT, NGT, NCLT, L. Chandra Kumar, the 2021…
On 20 September 2026 President Droupadi Murmu spoke at the valedictory session of the International Conference on "The Future of Environment and Climate Dynamics", organised by the National Green Tribunal in New Delhi. She called for people-centric, community-based climate adaptation rooted in traditional knowledge, and for afforestation that restores whole ecosystems.
UPSC angle: Mains: Role of traditional knowledge in climate adaptation.
20 Sep 2026
The Tribunals Reforms Bill, 2026, passed by Parliament in August 2026, creates a judiciary-led National Tribunals Commission to select members of 16 tribunals and oversee them. It repeals the Tribunals Reforms Act, 2021, parts of which the Supreme Court struck down in Madras Bar Association v. Union of India. Members get a five-year term.
UPSC angle: Prelims: 323A/323B.
12 Aug 2026
The Law Ministry told Lok Sabha on 25 July 2026 that a future tribunal law will follow Supreme Court rulings on appointments, tenure and service conditions. On 19 November 2025, in Madras Bar Association v. UOI, the Court struck down certain provisions of the Tribunal Reforms Act, 2021 (para 142).
UPSC angle: Prelims: tribunal jurisprudence.
25 Jul 2026
Backlog in consumer forums is the main reason people avoid them.
UPSC angle: Prelims: e-Jagriti.
17 Aug 2025