PESA (Local Government).
Syllabus: UPSC Pre GS1: Indian Polity and Governance; Mains GS2
Fifth Schedule for UPSC: Article 244(1), Scheduled Areas, Governor's special powers, Tribes Advisory Council, PESA, Samatha and Fifth vs Sixth Schedule.
PESA Act for UPSC: why it was needed, the ten Fifth Schedule States, gram sabha powers over land, minerals and forest produce,…
Panchayati Raj for UPSC: Balwant Rai Mehta to L.M. Singhvi, the 73rd Amendment, compulsory vs voluntary provisions, PESA 1996, three Fs, and…
Without state rules, Gram Sabha powers remain on paper. Jharkhand, with a large tribal population, is still without final rules.
UPSC angle: Prelims: PESA, Article 244. · Mains: tribal self-rule.
22 Dec 2025