UPPCS Prelims 2018 · GS Paper I: The Parliamentary form of Government was first introduce in which country ?
The Parliamentary form of Government was first introduce in which country ?
Answer (a) & explanation
Option (a) is right: the parliamentary form of government first developed in Great Britain, where the cabinet system grew over centuries and the Westminster parliament is often called the mother of parliaments. Option (b), Belgium, and option (c), France, adopted parliamentary or mixed systems later; France now has a semi-presidential system. Option (d), Switzerland, has a unique collegial executive, the Federal Council of seven members. Concept: in a parliamentary system the executive is drawn from and responsible to the legislature, and there is a nominal head of state and a real head of government. India adopted it because of its long experience under British rule. The USA has a presidential system, with separation of powers.
The parliamentary system first grew in Great Britain; France is now semi-presidential.
Question as printed in UPPSC's official question booklet. Source: uppsc.up.nic.in
Same theme in UPPCS Mains
- MAINS UPPCS Mains 2025 · GS Paper II · Section A · Q1What role do Joint Parliamentary Committees (JPCs) play in the Indian legislative process ? How do they contribute to effective law-making ? Analyse.
- MAINS UPPCS Mains 2025 · GS Paper II · Section B · Q11“India’s Constituent Assembly was the legal outcome of Parliamentary developments during the Colonial period.” Critically examine this statement.
- MAINS UPPCS Mains 2022 · GS Paper II · Section B · Q14Are the committees considered to be useful for Parliamentary work ? Discuss, in this context, the role of the Estimate Committee.
Same theme in UPSC Mains
- MAINS UPSC Mains 2023 · GS Paper II · Q16Explain the structure of the Parliamentary Committee system. How far have the financial committees helped in the institutionalisation of Indian Parliament?
- MAINS UPSC Mains 2023 · GS Paper II · Q4Compare and contrast the British and Indian approaches to Parliamentary sovereignty.
- MAINS UPSC Mains 2024 · GS Paper II · Q13What changes has the Union Government recently introduced in the domain of Centre-State relations? Suggest measures to be adopted to build the trust between the Centre…
Related questions from other years
Mr. X, a senior officer, was overseeing a critical vaccination programme during a pandemic. He found that a private service provider responsible for vaccine distribution was compromising on quality to make profits. Despite immense pressure to manage the issue due to vested interests, he raised his voice based on the principles of public administration which he learnt during various training programmes attended across his career. He reported the issue to the appropriate vigilance authority and halted the contract to ensure citizen welfare.
Which one among the following principles of public administration was most strongly demonstrated by Mr. X's actions ?
Answer (c) & explanation
Accountability is shown (c). Mr. X treated himself as answerable to the public for the money spent and for citizens' health. He did not hide the problem: he reported the provider to the vigilance authority and halted the faulty contract, owning the result of his office. Option (a) is wrong: esprit de corps is team spirit and loyalty within a group. Option (b) is wrong: equity means fairness between groups of people. Option (d) is wrong: delegation is passing work down to juniors. None of these fits his action.
Notice the wider idea: accountability has two parts, answerability (explaining your decisions) and enforceability (facing consequences). Tools like the CVC, the RTI Act and social audits make it real in Indian administration.
a case study with four textbook terms. Name what the officer actually did, then match the word.
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Answer as per the official UPSC answer key.
In a multi-ethnic district where both economic competition and historical grievances frequently led to community tensions, a flashpoint has arisen with a Government decision to allocate land for a waste management facility near a tribal hamlet, sparking protests by the tribal community, which claimed that the land was sacred and critical to their cultural identity. At the same time, urban residents and local industries supported the project, citing severe solid waste challenges and health concerns due to lack of a proper disposal site. The conflict has escalated with road blockades, social media campaigns, and allegations of police excesses.
As a responsible Government official, you are tasked with resolving the situation through mediation, ensuring a sustainable outcome that balances environmental needs, tribal rights, and urban public health.
Consider the following statements with reference to the above :
- 1. A successful conflict resolution process must begin with acknowledging the cultural concerns of the protesting tribal community before discussing technical alternatives.
- 2. The Government should move ahead with the project without delay to address urban health concerns, which outweigh the sentiments of a small group.
- 3. Creating a multi-stakeholder dialogue platform — including tribal leaders, environmental experts, and municipal representatives — to build mutual understanding and help de-escalate tensions.
- 4. Conducting an independent Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) and sharing findings transparently with both sides to facilitate evidence-based decision-making.
Which of the statements given above would contribute to the resolution process ?
Answer (a) & explanation
Statements 1, 3 and 4 help resolve the conflict (a). The task is mediation. Statement 1 is right: acknowledging the tribal community's cultural concerns first builds trust before any technical talk. Statement 3 is right: a multi-stakeholder platform of tribal leaders, experts and municipal officials brings all sides to one table and lowers tension. Statement 4 is right: an independent ESIA, shared openly, allows evidence-based decisions. Statement 2 is wrong: pushing the project through and calling a community's concern "sentiments of a small group" ends dialogue. So options (b), (c) and (d) fail.
Notice the legal backdrop: the Forest Rights Act, 2006 and PESA, 1996 give Gram Sabhas a say over land and sacred sites, as the Niyamgiri case (2013) showed.
one option that sounds firm and practical. In a mediation question, anything that shuts out one party is out.
Answer as per the official UPSC answer key.
'X' was addressing a seminar on the meaning of the term 'law' as provided under Article 13, Part III of the Constitution of India. 'X' explained that the meaning of the term 'law' in the Constitution of India was very comprehensive. It included ordinances, orders and even rules and regulations. 'Y' pointed out that the term 'law' in Article 13 also included custom or usage having in the territory of India the force of law, to which 'X' was not convinced.
Based on the above, select the correct conclusion from the options given below :
Answer (d) & explanation
Only Y's view is correct (d). Article 13(3)(a) defines "law" to include any Ordinance, order, bye-law, rule, regulation, notification, and custom or usage having the force of law in India. So Y is right that custom is included. Option (a) is wrong: X rejected custom, so his view as a whole fails. Option (b) is wrong: Y's view matches the text. Option (c) is wrong: X's view is not fully correct.
Notice why it matters: Article 13 makes any law, including a custom, void if it violates Fundamental Rights. This is the root of judicial review in India. Courts have struck down discriminatory customs on this basis. Whether personal laws are "law" under Article 13 is still debated.
option (c) tempts you because X's first half is true. UPSC judges the whole view, and X's refusal on custom makes it wrong.
Answer as per the official UPSC answer key.
Ms. X is a mid-level civil service official working in the urban development department of a major city. Recently, she was involved in approving a contract for a public infrastructure project — a new community park. During the approval process, she received a piece of confidential information indicating that one of the shortlisted contractors had a history of poor workmanship and allegations of corruption in other cities, though nothing had been legally proven. The Head of the Department, Mr. Y, advised her not to disclose this information to the project committee or the public because it could delay the project and damage the city's reputation. However, Ms. X believed that withholding such information compromised transparency and public trust.
What amongst the following should Ms. X do now ?
- 1. Immediately disclose the information to the project committee and the public
- 2. Recommend removing the contractor from the shortlist to protect the project's integrity
- 3. Propose a 'limited disclosure' to an oversight committee, while keeping the information confidential from the public for the time being
Select the answer using the code given below :
Answer (b) & explanation
Only action 3 is right (b). The information is confidential and the charges are not proven. Action 3 is right: a limited disclosure to an oversight committee lets the proper authority check the facts while protecting both the process and a firm that may be innocent. Action 1 is wrong: making unproven charges public at once can damage reputations unfairly and break confidentiality. Action 2 is wrong: striking the contractor off on her own punishes without a finding. So options (a), (c) and (d) fail.
Notice the balance being tested: transparency versus due process. Ms. X also rightly refuses her senior's advice to hide the matter, because silence would hurt public trust. Ethics answers usually favour the proper channel over both cover-up and public exposure.
"unproven allegation" is the key phrase. Public disclosure and instant punishment both jump ahead of the facts.
Answer as per the official UPSC answer key.