UPSC Mains 2023 · GS Paper IV · Q12

UPSC Mains 2023 GS4 Q12: model answer

You hold a responsible position in a ministry in the government. One day in the morning you received a call from the school of your 11-year-old son that you are required to come and meet the Principal. You proceed to the school and find your son in the Principal’s office. The Principal informs you that your son had been found wandering aimlessly in the grounds during the time classes were in progress. The class teacher further informs you that your son has lately become a loner and did not respond to questions in the class, he had also been unable to perform well in the football trials held recently. You bring your son back from the school and in the evening, you along with your wife try to find out the reasons for your son’s changed behaviour. After repeated cajoling, your son shares that some children had been making fun of him in the class as well as in the WhatsApp group of the students by calling him stunted, duh and a frog. He tells you the names of a few children who are the main culprits but pleads with you to let the matter rest.
After a few days, during a sporting event, where you and your wife have gone to watch your son play, one of your colleague’s son shows you a video in which students have caricatured your son. Further, he also points out to the perpetrators who were sitting in the stands. You purposefully walk past them with your son and go home. Next day, you find on social media, a video denigrating you, your son and even your wife, stating that you engaged in physical bullying of children on the sports field. The video became viral on social media. Your friends and colleagues began calling you to find out the details. One of your juniors advised you to make a counter video giving the background and explaining that nothing had happened on the field. You, in turn posted a video which you have captured during the sporting event, identifying the likely perpetrators who were responsible for your son’s predicament. You have also narrated what has actually happened in the field and made attempts to bring out the adverse effects of the misuse of social media.
(a) Based on the above case study, discuss the ethical issues involved in the use of social media.
(b) Discuss the pros and cons of using social media by you to put across the facts to counter the fake propaganda against your family.

20 marks250 wordsDirective: Case study

What the question wants

Ethical issues in social media use from the case, and pros and cons of your counter video.

How to structure it

Intro: cyber-bullying of a child and a viral fake video against a family. Body: (a) Issues in social media use: cyber-bullying, privacy and dignity of children, fake news and defamation, lack of verification, virality, anonymity, children's identification, responsibility of platforms, retaliation; (b) Pros of counter video: truth, reputation, awareness; Cons: identifies minors (against JJ Act spirit and privacy), escalates conflict, invites trolling, misuse of position, sets example of public shaming, legal risk; Better: remove video, complain to school and cyber cell, use platforms' grievance mechanisms under IT Rules 2021, a factual statement without naming children. Conclusion: responsible use.

How to structure the answer
IntroductionCyber-bullying of a child and a viral fake video against a family
Main body
  1. 1(a) Issues in social media use: cyber-bullying, privacy and dignity of children, fake news and defamation, lack of verification, virality, anonymity, children's identification, responsibility of platforms, retaliation
  2. 2(b) Pros of counter video: truth, reputation, awareness
  3. 3Cons: identifies minors (against JJ Act spirit and privacy), escalates conflict, invites trolling, misuse of position, sets example of public shaming, legal risk
  4. 4Better: remove video, complain to school and cyber cell, use platforms' grievance mechanisms under IT Rules 2021, a factual statement without naming children
ConclusionResponsible use

Model answer

The case shows how social media can harm a child and a family, and how a reaction can make things worse.

(a) Ethical issues in the use of social media

  • Cyber-bullying: children mocked the boy in a WhatsApp group, harming his mental health.
  • Dignity and privacy of children: caricatures and videos shared without consent.
  • Fake news and defamation: a false video accusing the family went viral.
  • No verification: people shared and judged before checking facts.
  • Anonymity lets people harm without accountability.
  • Retaliation: posting the perpetrators' identities turns victims into accusers.

(b) Pros of using social media myself

  • Quickly puts the truth before the same audience that saw the lie.
  • Protects the family's and my office's reputation.
  • Raises awareness about cyber-bullying.

Cons

  • Identifying minors violates their privacy and the spirit of the Juvenile Justice Act, which protects children's identities; they too are children who need correction, not shaming.
  • Escalates the conflict and invites more trolling of my son.
  • My son asked to let the matter rest; his wishes and well-being come first.

A better course

  • Remove the identifying video and issue a short factual statement without naming children.
  • Complain to the school's anti-bullying committee and the cyber crime portal; ask platforms to take down the fake video under the IT Rules, 2021.
  • Get counselling for my son and talk to the other parents.

Social media must be used with restraint: truth, yes; public shaming of children, no.

Keywords, cases and data to drop in

cyber-bullying fake news privacy of minors IT Rules 2021 restraint

Where most answers lose marks

  • Defending the public naming of children.
  • Ignoring the son's well-being.

Fresh examples from current affairs

GS2 · Media regulation

12-minute TV ad cap removed

On 14 August 2026 the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting decided to remove the 12-minute advertisement duration cap for television channels. The cap came in 2006 under the Cable Television Networks Rules, 1994. The Ministry said 900-plus channels, fully digital platforms and uncapped digital media now give enough competition.

UPSC angle: Prelims: Cable TV Networks Act/Rules.

14 Aug 2026
GS2 · Media governance

Television Rating Policy, 2026 notified

The Ministry of Information and Broadcasting released the Television Rating Policy, 2026, replacing the 16 January 2014 guidelines. Net-worth criteria fall from Rs 20 crore to Rs 5 crore, metered homes rise from 50,000 to 80,000, and agencies face annual independent audits, cross-holding curbs and graded penalties.

UPSC angle: Prelims: TV ratings regulation.

24 Jul 2026

Question text as printed in the official UPSC question paper: https://www.upsc.gov.in/sites/default/files/QP-CSM-23-GENERAL-STUDIES-PAPER-IV-180923.pdf The model answer is original Battle IAS work; use it to learn structure, not to memorise.