Pakistan (India & Neighbourhood).
Syllabus: UPSC Mains GS2: India & neighbourhood, groupings, international institutions, diaspora
Indus Waters Treaty for UPSC: Indus system, eastern and western rivers, India's rights, Indus Commission, Kishenganga and Ratle, and the 2025 abeyance.
India-Pakistan relations for UPSC: Kashmir 1947, wars of 1965, 1971 and Kargil, Simla Agreement, Indus treaty in abeyance, terrorism, Pahalgam, Sindoor.
On 19 October 2026 the Ministry of External Affairs rejected references to India in resolutions adopted at the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Council of Foreign Ministers in Baghdad on 17–18 October. It called them ‘malicious, biased and false’, said Pakistan orchestrated them, and said the OIC has no locus standi on India’s internal matters.
UPSC angle: Prelims: OIC facts, J&K Reorganisation Act, UN Charter Article 2(7). · Mains GS-II: India, OIC and Pakistan.
19 Oct 2026
On 23 September 2026 the Ministry of External Affairs rejected references to India in the joint communique of the OIC Contact Group on Jammu and Kashmir. It said the OIC has no locus standi on matters internal to India and that J&K and Ladakh are an integral and inalienable part of India.
UPSC angle: Prelims: OIC. · Mains: India and the Islamic world.
23 Sep 2026
On 16 September 2026 the MEA rejected the so-called Pakistan-China Boundary Joint Commission as having no legal basis. It said there is no boundary between Pakistan and China, the whole of Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh are integral parts of India, and India has never recognised the so-called China-Pakistan Boundary Agreement of 1963.
UPSC angle: Prelims: 1963 China-Pakistan Boundary Agreement. · Mains: India's position on PoK.
16 Sep 2026
The exchange happens even in the worst years of the relationship, which shows how humanitarian channels are kept apart from politics.
UPSC angle: Prelims: 2008 Agreement on Consular Access. · Mains: fishermen as a humanitarian issue.
1 Jan 2026
A measured response keeps India's growing Saudi ties intact while signalling that it is watching closely.
UPSC angle: Prelims: none. · Mains: Gulf security and India-Pakistan.
18 Sep 2025
"No hyphenation" is India's standing line on Pakistan, and this reply states it plainly.
UPSC angle: Prelims: none. · Mains: de-hyphenation in India's foreign policy.
21 Aug 2025