Ocean Currents (Oceanography).
Syllabus: UPSC Pre GS1: Indian & World Geography; Mains GS1
Ocean currents for UPSC: forces that drive them, warm and cold currents ocean-wise, gyres, Indian Ocean monsoon currents, thermohaline circulation and effects.
El Niño conditions that developed in May 2026 are likely to persist from June 2026 to February 2027, with probabilities of 70 to 90 per cent, the Earth Sciences Minister told Lok Sabha on 5 August. The outlook comes from INCOIS's indigenous AI/ML-based ENSO prediction system. He said El Niño is not the only factor for the monsoon.
UPSC angle: Prelims: ENSO, IOD.
5 Aug 2026