GS3 · Agriculture

Backgrounder: National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture

Battle IAS current affairs title card: Backgrounder: National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture (GS3 · Agriculture, 9 May 2026)
Asked by UPSCPrelims 20261 PYQ

UPSC has already asked about this. Read the story with these questions in mind.

Battle Brief

A PIB backgrounder of 9 May 2026 reviews the National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture, launched in 2014-15 under the National Action Plan on Climate Change. Rainfed Area Development has released ₹2,119.84 crore for 8.50 lakh hectares. Per Drop More Crop has covered about 109 lakh hectares. Over 25.79 crore Soil Health Cards have been generated.

Fact File

Launched
2014-15, under NAPCC
Now under
PM Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (from 2022-23)
RAD
₹2,119.84 crore since 2014-15; 8.50 lakh ha; 14.35 lakh farmers
PDMC
~109 lakh ha since 2015-16; ₹26,325 crore central aid
Soil Health Cards
25.79 crore generated (to February 2026)
Climate varieties
2,996 released, 2014 to 2025
In the news

The National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture: what happened?

Rainfed land is nearly 60% of India’s net sown area and gives about 40% of food output. It is the land most hurt by bad monsoons. NMSA is the main scheme to make such farming climate-resilient.

  • Micro-irrigation target: 100 lakh ha over 2025-26 to 2029-30, so at least 20 lakh ha a year.
  • In 2025-26, 97.53 lakh soil samples were collected and 92.87 lakh tested.
  • NITI Aayog’s 2025 evaluation found SHC cut excess urea use; 68.5% of surveyed farmers saw clear soil health gains.
  • Soil fertility maps: done in 2,023 of 6,954 model villages.
Back Story

How has NMSA moved between umbrella schemes?

  1. 2014-15: launched under the National Action Plan on Climate Change
  2. 2018-19: sub-mission of Green Revolution–Krishonnati Yojana
  3. 2022-23: placed under PM Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (PMRKVY)
Back Story

What does NICRA add?

  • ICAR’s National Innovations on Climate Resilient Agriculture (2011) assessed 651 districts using IPCC protocols; 310 were found highly or very highly vulnerable.
  • Climate Resilient Villages: 448 villages in 151 vulnerable districts across 28 States/UTs.
By the numbers

What are NMSA’s main components?

NMSA components (PIB backgrounder, 9 May 2026)
ComponentWhat it doesKey figure
Rainfed Area Development (RAD)Integrated Farming Systems by agro-climatic zone₹343.86 crore in FY 2025-26; 96,013 farmers trained
Per Drop More Crop (PDMC)drip and sprinkler micro-irrigation~109 lakh ha covered
Soil Health Management (SHM)balanced nutrients, Soil Health Cards25.79 crore cards
NRAAexpert body for rainfed and dry-land farmingknowledge inputs
Why examiners care

Why does the National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture matter?

AngleWhat to note
ClimateAdaptation for drought, flood and heat (SDG 13).
WaterMicro-irrigation saves water at farm level (SDG 6).
Food securityRainfed land feeds a large share of output (SDG 2).
SoilBalanced fertiliser use through Soil Health Cards.
Fault Lines

What are the challenges in the National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture?

  • Micro-irrigation must speed up to at least 20 lakh ha a year to hit the target.
  • Soil fertility maps are done in only 2,023 of 6,954 model villages.
  • 310 districts remain highly or very highly vulnerable.
Road Ahead

What should be done next on the National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture?

  • Scale IFS models from ICAR in rainfed districts.
  • Link SHC advice with fertiliser purchase and extension.
Exam Radar

What can Prelims ask on the National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture?

  • NMSA launched 2014-15 under NAPCC; now under PMRKVY.
  • Components: RAD, PDMC, SHM (with Soil Health Card); NRAA advises.
  • NICRA (ICAR, 2011): 651 districts assessed; 310 highly vulnerable.
Answer Lab

How to write about the National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture in Mains

Practice question (15 marks, 250 words): How does the National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture address the vulnerability of rainfed farming to climate change?

  • Intro: rainfed share and risk.
  • RAD and IFS.
  • PDMC and water.
  • SHC and soil.
  • Gaps and way forward.

How to use this in Mains

GS-III Agriculture: cropping, MSP, PDS, food processing, land reforms

  1. As per PIB (2026-05-09): since 2014-15, ₹2,119.84 crore was released under Rainfed Area Development covering 8.50 lakh ha and 14.35 lakh farmers; about 109 lakh ha came under PDMC (micro-irrigation) with ₹26,325 crore central assistance since 2015-16.
  2. It supports farming that can withstand climate shocks.
Quotable data point

Since 2014-15, ₹2,119.84 crore was released under Rainfed Area Development covering 8.50 lakh ha and 14.35 lakh farmers.

PIB: PIB Backgrounder: NMSA, 9 May 2026

Exam angle

UPSC

Prelims: NAPCC missions.

Practice MCQs

Original practice questions (not PYQs).

Practice · UPSC

NMSA was launched under which framework?

Answer (b) & explanation

PIB backgrounder, 9 May 2026.

Practice · UPSC

Per Drop More Crop mainly promotes

Answer (b) & explanation

PIB backgrounder, 9 May 2026.

Quick questions

Questions students ask about this

When was NMSA launched?

In 2014-15, under the National Action Plan on Climate Change.

Which umbrella scheme does NMSA fall under now?

The Pradhan Mantri Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana, since 2022-23.

How many Soil Health Cards have been generated?

25.79 crore, up to February 2026.

What share of net sown area is rainfed?

Nearly 60%, contributing about 40% of food production.

Keep studying

Go deeper

Official source: PIB: PIB Backgrounder: NMSA, 9 May 2026

facts from cited sources only; faculty review pending