Chapter 1 · Topic 1.3 · Prelims + Mains3 of 3
Disaster Management Framework: Sendai Framework, Hyogo and CDRI
Key points
- Sendai Framework 2015–2030 (adopted March 2015, Japan) replaced Hyogo 2005–2015; it is voluntary.
- It has seven global targets (four "reduce", three "increase") and four priorities, ending with "Build Back Better".
- CDRI: launched by India in September 2019, secretariat in New Delhi; runs IRIS for island states (COP26, 2021).
1 PYQ 2015–2024
Prelims box: facts and traps
| Item | Hyogo | Sendai |
|---|---|---|
| Period | 2005–2015 | 2015–2030 |
| Priorities | Five | Four |
| Measurable targets | None | Seven |
| Focus | Managing disasters | Managing risk |
- Trap: Sendai is not legally binding; the Paris Agreement of the same year is.
- Trap: target (e) had an earlier deadline, 2020, not 2030.
Sendai Framework, Hyogo and CDRI
The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 was adopted at the Third UN World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction in Sendai, Japan, in March 2015. It replaced the Hyogo Framework for Action 2005–2015. It is voluntary, meaning countries are not legally bound by it. Like fixing the roof before the rains.
| Seven global targets (by 2030) | Type |
|---|---|
| (a) Reduce disaster mortality | Reduce |
| (b) Reduce the number of affected people | Reduce |
| (c) Reduce direct economic loss in relation to GDP | Reduce |
| (d) Reduce damage to critical infrastructure and disruption of basic services | Reduce |
| (e) Increase countries with national and local DRR strategies (by 2020) | Increase |
| (f) Enhance international cooperation for developing countries | Increase |
| (g) Increase access to multi-hazard early warning and risk information | Increase |
Easy trick: the first four targets “reduce” (deaths, affected people, money lost, damage), the last three “increase” (plans, help, warnings).
Its four priorities are: understanding disaster risk; strengthening disaster risk governance; investing in disaster risk reduction for resilience; and enhancing preparedness for effective response and to ‘Build Back Better’ in recovery, which means rebuilding safer than before. Mains 2024 asked for the targets too.
Mains 2018 asked about India’s DRR steps before and after ‘Sendai Framework for DRR (2015-2030)’, and how it differs from Hyogo. Before: the DM Act 2005, NDRF, the 2009 policy. After: the 2016 national plan mapped to Sendai, the Ten-Point Agenda, mitigation funds, CDRI. Hyogo had five priorities and no measurable targets. Sendai adds seven targets, covers small and slow-onset, man-made and biological hazards, and stresses health and many stakeholders.
Describe various measures taken in India for Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) before and after signing ‘Sendai Framework for DRR (2015-2030)’. How is this framework different from ‘Hyogo Framework for Action, 2005’?
India launched the Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure (CDRI) at the UN Climate Action Summit in September 2019; its secretariat is in New Delhi. It helps governments, banks and companies make roads, power and hospitals disaster-proof (target d). It runs the Infrastructure for Resilient Island States initiative launched at COP26 (2021).
What UPSC asks: 7 targets, 4 priorities; Sendai vs Hyogo.
Mains box: analysis and answer points
- Before and after Sendai (Mains 2018, 15 marks): before, the DM Act 2005, NDRF and the 2009 policy; after, the 2016 plan, Ten-Point Agenda, mitigation funds, CDRI.
- Hyogo vs Sendai: targets, wider hazards (slow-onset, biological), health, many stakeholders.
- Next likely angle: CDRI and resilient infrastructure.
Practice
Mains PYQs on this topic (1)
Write an answer
In 150 words, explain the significance of Disaster Management Framework with one recent example.
Flashcards (5)
Sendai adopted?
March 2015, Sendai, Japan.
Sendai targets and priorities?
7 targets, 4 priorities.
Hyogo Framework period?
2005–2015.
CDRI launched?
September 2019, UN Climate Action Summit.
CDRI secretariat?
New Delhi.
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