Article 21 (Right to Life and Personal Liberty): Meaning, Expansion, Key Cases and UPSC PYQs
Article 21 for UPSC: what it says, Gopalan to Maneka Gandhi, rights read into it (privacy, livelihood, environment, dignity), Article 21A, and…
Article 21 & Privacy
Article 21 & Privacy (Fundamental Rights).
Syllabus: UPSC Pre GS1: Indian Polity and Governance; Mains GS2
Explainers
In the news
Supreme Court: children have a right to the internet, and platforms must block child abuse material
In a judgment of 15 October 2026, the Supreme Court said that the right to access and use the internet is a fundamental right of every person, children included, under Article 21 read with Article 19(1)(a). So the answer to online danger is not to lock children out but to go after the abusive content and the platforms that fail to remove it. The Court ordered a National Hash and URL List Database, two-hour reporting of unknown abuse material, and loss of revenue for platforms that profit from it through paywalls.
UPSC angle: Prelims: Arts. 21 and 19(1)(a); POCSO s.15; IT Act ss.67B and 79; CSEAM. · Mains GS-II: rights of children, regulation of platforms.
18 Oct 2026
DPDP Rules, 2025 notified: data protection law now fully in force
Compliance timelines matter for small firms. The independence of the Data Protection Board is the main criticism to note.
UPSC angle: Prelims: DPDP terms. · Mains: data protection.
17 Nov 2025