Amendment & Basic Structure (Indian Polity).
Syllabus: UPSC Pre GS1: Indian Polity and Governance; Mains GS2
130th Amendment Bill for UPSC: removal of PM, CMs and Ministers held in custody for 30 days, Articles 75, 164, 239AA, debate,…
73rd Amendment for UPSC: Part IX (Articles 243-243O), three tiers, reservation, State Election and Finance Commissions, 29 subjects, exempted areas and PYQs.
Constitutional amendments for UPSC: Article 368 procedure, three kinds of majority, ratification, key amendments from the 1st to the 106th, and real…
Basic structure doctrine for UPSC: meaning, evolution from Shankari Prasad to Kesavananda Bharati and Minerva Mills, key elements, and real PYQs.
The Law Ministry told Lok Sabha on 25 July 2026 that the Constitution was amended eight times in the last twelve years. The list runs from the 99th Amendment Act, 2014 (NJAC) to the 106th Amendment Act, 2023 (women's reservation in the Lok Sabha and State Assemblies).
UPSC angle: Prelims: recent amendments.
25 Jul 2026
The debate turns on arrest without conviction, and possible misuse of agencies.
UPSC angle: Prelims: 130th Amendment Bill. · Mains: criminalisation of politics.
20 Aug 2025