UPSC Mains 2025 GS3 Q10: model answer
The Government of India recently stated that Left Wing Extremism (LWE) will be eliminated by 2026. What do you understand by LWE and how are the people affected by it ? What measures have been taken by the government to eliminate LWE ?
What the question wants
Define LWE, its effect on people, and the government's strategy.
How to structure it
Intro: definition and target (March 2026). Body: (1) How people are affected; (2) Government measures (National Policy and Action Plan (2015), security, development); (3) Result. Conclusion: Ending violence is near; ending the grievances of land and dignity will make it final.
- 1(1) How people are affected
- 2(2) Government measures (National Policy and Action Plan (2015), security, development)
- 3(3) Result
Model answer
Left Wing Extremism is the armed movement inspired by Maoist ideology that seeks to overthrow the State through 'protracted people's war'. It began with Naxalbari (1967); the CPI (Maoist) was formed in 2004. The Union Home Minister set 31 March 2026 as the deadline to end it.
How people are affected
- Killings of villagers branded 'informers', and of security forces.
- Schools, roads and mobile towers destroyed; development stalls.
- Tribals caught between Maoists and security operations; displacement.
- Extortion from contractors and traders.
Government measures
- National Policy and Action Plan (2015) and SAMADHAN strategy (2017).
- Security: CRPF and CoBRA, forward camps in core areas like Abujhmarh; top leaders killed in 2025, including the CPI (Maoist) general secretary.
- Development: roads under RCPLWEA, mobile towers, Eklavya schools, Special Central Assistance.
- Rights: Forest Rights Act, PESA.
- Surrender and rehabilitation policies; choking finances through NIA and ED.
Result: districts affected fell from 126 in 2018 to 18 in 2025, and violence dropped sharply.
Ending violence is near; ending the grievances of land and dignity will make it final.
Keywords, cases and data to drop in
CPI (Maoist) SAMADHAN National Policy 2015 RCPLWEA FRA/PESA March 2026 deadline
Where most answers lose marks
- Treating LWE only as a law-and-order problem.
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11 Oct 2026Learn the concept
Question text as printed in the official UPSC question paper: https://www.upsc.gov.in/sites/default/files/GENERAL-STUDIES-PAPER-III-QP-CSM-25-010925.pdf The model answer is original Battle IAS work; use it to learn structure, not to memorise.