Fundamental Duties (Article 51A): List, History, Enforceability and UPSC PYQs
Fundamental Duties for UPSC: all 11 duties under Article 51A, the 42nd and 86th Amendments, Swaran Singh Committee, why they are non-justiciable,…
Topic Explainers
Evergreen ” UPSC” explainer articles; each links to its PYQs and current affairs.
Ancient & Medieval History · 12Art & Culture · 3Disaster Management · 1Environment & Ecology · 10Ethics · 2Geography · 15Indian Economy · 25Indian Polity · 46Indian Society · 5Internal Security · 4International Relations · 13Modern Indian History · 12Science & Technology · 13Social Justice · 2World History · 5
French Revolution (1789–1799): Causes, Key Events, Ideas and Impact (UPSC Notes)
French Revolution for UPSC: causes (three estates, debt, Enlightenment), timeline from 1789 to Napoleon, Rights of Man, legacy and Mains angles.
Federalism in India: Federal and Unitary Features, Cooperative Federalism and UPSC PYQs
Federalism for UPSC: federal and unitary features of the Indian Constitution, why India is called quasi-federal, cooperative federalism and real PYQs.
Emergency Provisions in the Indian Constitution (Articles 352–360): UPSC Notes with PYQs
Emergency provisions for UPSC: the three types (Art. 352, 356, 360), approval rules, effect on Fundamental Rights, 44th Amendment changes and real…
Centre–State Relations in India: Legislative, Administrative and Financial (UPSC Notes + PYQs)
Centre-State relations for UPSC: legislative (Art. 245–255), administrative (Art. 256–263) and financial relations (Art. 268–293), commissions and PYQs.
Buddhism for UPSC: Life of the Buddha, Teachings, Councils, Sects, Art and PYQs
Buddhism for UPSC: life of the Buddha, Four Noble Truths, Eightfold Path, four Buddhist councils, Hinayana vs Mahayana, mudras, sites and real…
Basic Structure Doctrine: Meaning, Evolution (Kesavananda Bharati) and UPSC PYQs
Basic structure doctrine for UPSC: meaning, evolution from Shankari Prasad to Kesavananda Bharati and Minerva Mills, key elements, and real PYQs.
Article 21 (Right to Life and Personal Liberty): Meaning, Expansion, Key Cases and UPSC PYQs
Article 21 for UPSC: what it says, Gopalan to Maneka Gandhi, rights read into it (privacy, livelihood, environment, dignity), Article 21A, and…