Fundamental Rights (Indian Polity).
Syllabus: UPSC Pre GS1: Indian Polity and Governance; Mains GS2
Waqf Act for UPSC: what a waqf is, Waqf Boards and tribunals, the 1995 Act, the 2025 amendment, waqf by user, non-Muslim…
Secularism for UPSC: 42nd Amendment, Articles 14-15 and 25-30, principled distance, Indian vs Western model, S.R. Bommai and challenges for GS-I and…
Article 32 for UPSC: why Ambedkar called it the heart and soul of the Constitution, five writs, Article 32 vs 226, suspension…
Writs for UPSC: the five writs, who can seek them and against whom, Article 32 vs Article 226, key cases and the…
Fundamental Rights for UPSC: the six rights (Articles 12–35), rights for citizens only, the five writs, right to property, key judgments and…
Article 21 for UPSC: what it says, Gopalan to Maneka Gandhi, rights read into it (privacy, livelihood, environment, dignity), Article 21A, and…
In a judgment of 15 October 2026, the Supreme Court said that the right to access and use the internet is a fundamental right of every person, children included, under Article 21 read with Article 19(1)(a). So the answer to online danger is not to lock children out but to go after the abusive content and the platforms that fail to remove it. The Court ordered a National Hash and URL List Database, two-hour reporting of unknown abuse material, and loss of revenue for platforms that profit from it through paywalls.
UPSC angle: Prelims: Arts. 21 and 19(1)(a); POCSO s.15; IT Act ss.67B and 79; CSEAM. · Mains GS-II: rights of children, regulation of platforms.
18 Oct 2026
The Centre released ₹1,423.30 crore to States and UTs over 2022-23 to 2024-25 to implement the Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955 and the SC/ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989. States report 217 Exclusive Special Courts in 15 States and UTs. Yet 65,646 cases were registered in 2024 and 3,92,006 were pending trial at year end.
UPSC angle: Prelims: PCR Act year; Art. 17. · Mains: Why do atrocity cases see low conviction?
1 Oct 2026
Compliance timelines matter for small firms. The independence of the Data Protection Board is the main criticism to note.
UPSC angle: Prelims: DPDP terms. · Mains: data protection.
17 Nov 2025
Self-regulation first, government last, is the design.
UPSC angle: Prelims: IT Rules 2021.
6 Aug 2025
Rules decide how consent and breach reporting actually work.
UPSC angle: Prelims: DPDP Act year.
26 Jul 2025