GeographyCoral reefs for UPSC: zooxanthellae, growth conditions, fringing, barrier reefs and atolls, Darwin's theory, bleaching, acidification, India's reefs and PYQs.
World HistoryCold War for UPSC: Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan, NATO and Warsaw Pact, Berlin, Korea, Cuba, Vietnam, detente, the USSR's end and…
Environment & EcologyClimate change for UPSC: greenhouse effect, IPCC AR6 findings, impacts on India, UNFCCC, Kyoto and Paris, NDCs, net zero 2070, NAPCC, loss…
International RelationsBRICS for UPSC: BRIC to BRICS, 2024-25 expansion and partner countries, NDB and CRA, local currency trade, Kazan and Rio summits, India's…
International RelationsBIMSTEC for UPSC: seven members, Bangkok Declaration 1997, Charter of 2022, seven pillars, Dhaka secretariat, Bangkok summit 2025, connectivity and PYQs.
EthicsAttitude for UPSC ethics: ABC model, functions, how attitudes form, attitude-behaviour gap, moral and political attitudes, social influence and persuasion.
Science & TechnologyArtificial intelligence for UPSC: machine learning, deep learning and generative AI, uses in health, farming and governance, risks, rules, IndiaAI Mission.
Indian PolityAnti-defection law for UPSC: 52nd and 91st Amendments, grounds for disqualification, merger exception, Kihoto Hollohan, Speaker delays and real PYQs.
Indian PolityWrits for UPSC: the five writs, who can seek them and against whom, Article 32 vs Article 226, key cases and the…
GeographyVolcanoes for UPSC: magma and plate boundaries, shield, composite and caldera types, intrusive and extrusive landforms, Ring of Fire, Barren Island and…